Frequently
Asked
Questions
About
Generalization of Mass-Energy Conservation.
Series #3
Question - (3-A)
In
order to predict all the phenomena usually attributed to
relativity,
can we just take into account the change of mass (due to
kinetic and
all other energies) and use Newton's equations (without any
new
physics)?
A. - Yes,
this is
quite correct. However, we must take a "full account" of all the
transformations between masses and energy, both directly and
indirectly. This might not be as obvious as expected at first
sight,
because this principle must be equally applied inside atoms. The
principle of mass-energy conservation must be applied quite
generally,
in all cases, even inside atoms and nuclei.
-----------------------
Question - (3-B)
Since
both the electron mass and the proton mass increase in the
same
proportion, does this compensate so that the atomic energy
levels
remain the same?
A. - No,
this same relative change of mass does not lead to any
compensation.
Since the effective mass value that must be taken in the
calculations
for the proton and the electron leads to "reduced masses", the
energy
levels almost change solely due to the change of electron mass.
The
change of proton mass gives a negligible correction (about 2000
times
smaller than for the electron). Being negligible compared with the
effect due to the change of electron mass, this variation of the
proton
mass is neglected. The variation of electron mass is taken
into
account in chapters three
and
also eleven of the
Book: "Einstein's Theory of
Relativity
versus Classical Mechanics".
-----------------------
Question - (3-C)
Apart of the fact that there is a change of
electron mass inside atoms, is there any other important
changes in
atoms which have consequences when we apply Newton's
classical
mechanics?
A. - Yes,
it
is well known that there are two important consequences which
changes
the Newtonian parameters. They are:
1- A change of electron mass leads to a change of size of the Bohr
radius. Consequently, the size of the atoms is different.
Therefore the
size of matter (e.g. length) is different. Any physical material
(standard rods, size of human bodies, etc. . . .) will occupy a
different volume (different lengths) in space.
2- A change of electron mass changes the energy of the quantum
states
of atoms. That change of quantum levels changes the frequencies of
the
energy (light) emitted during these transitions. Therefore atomic
clocks will run at a different rate (following a change of
electron
mass).
These
phenomena are demonstrated in detail in the book: Einstein's Theory of Relativity
versus
Classical Mechanics.
-----------------------
Question - (3-D)
Does
the change of size of matter and the change of clock rate
described
above imply new physics and new hypotheses, or is it just the
same
physics previously known for almost a century?
A. The change of size of the Bohr radius and the change of
frequency of
radiation emitted during transitions is in perfect agreement with
De
Broglie equation, which is the realistic basis of quantum
mechanics.
This physical phenomenon was known in 1914. (Ref. Sagnac M. G., J.
de
Phys.,
1914, 4, 177-195). It is also in perfect agreement with all modern
quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics calculations
developed in
the twenties (Schroedinger equation). De Broglie's equation and
all
modern calculations are in perfect agreement with all existing
experimental data, which imply a change of atom size, as a
function of
a change of electron mass. No one can argue against the change of
size
of matter (rods) and the change of clock rate as a consequence of
the
change of electron mass (due to mass-energy conservation). This
would
be contrary to the calculation of quantum mechanics which have
always
led to correct predictions.
Let me
point out that the mathematics of quantum mechanics leads to
correct
predictions even if its physical interpretation is absurd.
Consequently, the change of length of matter does not imply any
new
physics. It is just an application of de Broglie equation (or the
application of the mathematics of quantum mechanics, if you
prefer) and
the principle of mass-energy conservation. All the physical
observations can now be described physically without
any
of Einstein's arbitrary hypotheses.
-----------------------
Question - (3-F)
What
is the consequence of such a "change of size of atoms" and a
"change of
clock rate" in Newtonian physics (due to the change of
electron mass)?
A. - In Newton Mechanics, calculations require the knowledge of
length.
This length is defined as the number of times the (proper) local
standard unit of length is counted in the length to be measured.
Furthermore, Newton's mechanics also uses clocks. In order to
determine
what is called: The (proper) Newtonian Time Interval, the observer
must
refer to the "Clock Display" generated by the local clock, (which
depends on the change of electron mass).
Consequently, when a moving observer measures the "proper length"
and
the "proper value" on the local clock, these readings are
dependent on
the change of electron mass (therefore on the observer's velocity
and
its potential energy). Therefore any observer measuring the proper
length and the proper display on the moving frame must take into
account the corrections due to the change of electron mass.
-----------------------
Question - (3-G)
Does
this means that, when we take into account the change of mass
(see
above, question 3-F), we must also necessarily always take
into
account, the corresponding change of length and also the
corresponding
change of clock rate?
A. - Yes.
This is absolutely necessary. We must be coherent.
-----------------------
Question - (3-H)
Are there any other phenomena that must still
be
added to these above corrections?
A. - As
long
as you take into account mass-energy conservation everywhere,
you can be sure to get the correct answer. This includes
mass-energy
conservation plus secondary consequences due to mass-energy
conservation (which are a change of length and a change of clock
rate).
Even in the case of macroscopic physics, you simply have to apply
Newton's laws of physics, using proper values, as observed by an
observer which is assumed to be located where the phenomenon takes
place.
If you
wish
to consider
atomic and molecular energies inside atoms and even nuclear
energies in
the nucleus, we must also consider the relevant electric, magnetic
and
nuclear energies.
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Series
3
Generalization
of
Mass-Energy
Conservation.
Updated
Sept.
1999